Java generics
Software DevelopmentTech Bites
November 11, 2020

JAVA Generics

Concept of generics Java generics allows the creation of a class or a method that can be reused by different data types or objects. This reduces the need for the same implementation throughout the code. Another advantage is that the error checks are performed during the compile time, removing the…
bean validation
QA/Test AutomationTech Bites
April 22, 2020

Bean Validation in Spring

Introduction Data validation is the basic requirement for any application, especially web applications that ask for data inputs. E-mail address, age and credit card numbers are examples of input fields that could be validated since they need to have a specific format or be within some expected boundaries. This Tech…
Chaining locators in Protractor
QA/Test AutomationTech Bites
April 15, 2020

Chaining locators in Protractor

Concept of Chain Locators    The essence of end-to-end website testing is finding DOM objects, dealing with them and getting details about the application's current state. Protractor is one of the most commonly used frameworks for AngularJS applications where locators are used as instructions to show Protractor how to locate…
Locating Elements in Watir
QA/Test AutomationTech Bites
April 15, 2020

Locating Elements in Watir

Locating Elements (Watir)  Watir (Web Application Testing in Ruby) is an open-source Ruby library for automating web browsers. It interacts with different browsers (Firefox, Chrome, Safari…) the same way people do: clicking buttons, links, populating forms and validating text. But what about locating Elements in Watir? Watir allows users to…
Cucumber-JVM
QA/Test AutomationTech Bites
April 9, 2020

BDD Test Automation with Cucumber-JVM

Writing the scenario Cucumber is a popular BDD test automation tool. Cucumber-JVM is the Java implementation of Cucumber. In Cucumber, you express acceptance criteria in a natural, human-readable form. In Cucumber, scenarios are stored in Feature Files, which contains an overall description of a feature as well as a number of scenarios. For…
JUnit5
Tech Bites
September 16, 2019

JUnits 4, 5 and Contextual Components

JUnit5 vs JUnit4 JUnit5 is a successor of the JUnit4 testing framework. JUnit5 introduces some notable new features: Changes to annotations (JUnit4 -> JUnit5): @BeforeClass -> @BeforeAll @Before -> @BeforeEach @AfterClass -> @AfterAll @After -> @AfterEach @Ignore -> @Disable   Tags for tagging and filtering via @Tag  annotation Parameterized tests…
module.exports
Software DevelopmentTech Bites
August 21, 2019

module.exports

module.exports module.exports is an empty object and a property on the module object. Module  is a special object in NodeJS which contains information about the current module. The exports property is used to expose properties or functions of the current module. Use require to import properties from some module. // file.js…
express middleware
Software DevelopmentTech Bites
August 6, 2019

Express Middleware & Memoization

Express middleware Middleware functions are functions that have access to the request object (req ), the response object (res ), and the next function in the Express application’s request-response cycle. The next function is a function in the Express router which, when invoked, executes the middleware succeeding the current middleware in…